GeoRadar (GPR) is currently one of the most advanced and widely used technologies for non-invasive subsurface exploration. Its advanced design allows for compact size, easy handling and high survey speed, making it an ideal tool for a wide range of applications - from construction and archaeology to the detection of deep geological changes. Its ability to provide accurate information on the composition, properties and anomalies in the subsurface makes GPR a key element in the planning and execution of all kinds of construction projects.

As a rule, it consists of:

• Transmitters (generator of short electromagnetic pulses that penetrate the ground),
• Receivers (records reflected pulses and their characteristics),
• Antennas that transmit and receive signals on specific frequencies,
• A computer that controls the measurements and records the results.

The frequency of the antennas affects the GPR capabilities:

• Low frequencies = long antennas -> greater depth range but poorer resolution.
• High frequencies = short antennas -> less depth range but higher resolution

Georadar (GPR) works on the principle of transmitting electromagnetic signals into the subsurface using an antenna, and these signals are partially reflected back as they pass through interfaces of materials with different permittivity or conductivity, such as soil, rocks, water, cavities and other objects. The reflected signals are picked up by a second antenna with a receiver that converts them into digital form for further processing using an analogue-to-digital converter. The propagation and quality of the signals are influenced by environmental properties such as humidity, composition and density of materials. The resulting data is finally analysed and displayed in the form of a radargram - a two-dimensional graph that provides a visual overview of structures and anomalies in the subsurface.